Man you wrote some powerful, deep stuff here.
I agree strongly with you that height never used to cross my mind. I was always around shorter people so I felt taller than average. As I got older, you start to notice things others would introduce you too. Your values and such change and you start trying to fit a certain image with the group you want to identify with. I never thought my height was a problem until I was half way through college. I'm from the USA. Although I started wearing lifts in high school, I only did it to feel taller and just thought it was normal.
Being 175cm at 23 years old, my body image finally caught up and affected my everyday life. I now have a moderate form of body dysmorphic disorder or BDD. Even though I wear 1" lifts in a boot with 1.5" heels, at 5'11.5" height still gets to me. At first I was not honest with myself so I kept denying that I was bothered by it. Now, I am able to confront the reasons why I am not satisfied at 5'9" barefoot.
1) In my career field of management, being taller has more positives than negatives in terms of people perceiving you as competent and giving you more respect. They take you more seriously.
2) The dating world, I like taller women so when I dated a 5'8 girl, she was pretty dead close to me and I didn't really feel masculine enough.
3) Inside I feel like I am 6'2, my size does not match up to my ego. I like to be the life and center of things and events.
4) I want to have an advantage in sports like basketball but I realized LL will not get me back to 100%.
5) I fear shrinking in the future as I get old. Imagine shrinking 2 inches, I will be down to 5'7".
Those are my top 5 reasons that come to mind right now.